endometriosis surgery

Endometriosis surgery, usually done via minimally invasive laparoscopy, aims to diagnose, remove or destroy endometrial tissue, relieve pain, improve fertility, and restore normal anatomy by cutting (excision) or burning (ablation) implants, with excision often preferred for complete removal and lower recurrence; procedures range from cyst removal (ovarian cystectomy) to removing the uterus (hysterectomy) in severe cases, with goals to excise disease, improve quality of life, and confirm diagnosis. A laparoscope can be fitted with surgical devices for taking tissue samples or removing scar tissue from the endometrium (lining of the uterus). Endometriosis is diagnosed surgically by laparoscopy. During laparoscopy, a thin viewing tube (called a laparoscope) is passed through a small incision in the abdomen. A second incision may be made on the lower abdomen to provide an additional opening for surgical instruments. Using the laparoscope, your doctor can look directly at the outside of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and nearby organs. The laparoscope can also be fitted with surgical devices for taking tissue samples or removing scar tissue. How it Works (Laparoscopy) Incision: Small cuts (around 5mm) are made in the abdomen. Laparoscope: A thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) is inserted to view pelvic organs. Gas Inflation: Carbon dioxide gas inflates the abdomen for a better view. Tissue Removal: Instruments inserted through other small incisions cut, burn (ablate), or drain the endometrial growths (lesions/cysts). Biopsy: Tissue samples (biopsy) may be taken for testing. Closure: Stitches dissolve, and incisions are closed. Surgical Goals Diagnosis: Laparoscopy is the definitive way to diagnose endometriosis. Pain Relief: Removing lesions reduces pelvic pain. Fertility: Can improve chances of pregnancy. Types of Procedures Laparoscopic Excision/Ablation: The most common, removing or burning lesions. Conservative Surgery: Excising deep infiltrating endometriosis (e.g., rectal). Hysterectomy/Oophorectomy: In severe cases, removing the uterus and/or ovaries (irreversible). When It's Recommended When medication isn't enough and For severe pain or infertility.